The Throne That Was Christ's
PDF version
by Rom Landau From "God is My Adventure" published in 1936 (Ivor and Nicholson)
I
One
Sunday morning I sat in a small paneled room in one of those fine Queen Anne
houses that are still to be found in certain parts of Westminster. The street
outside the window was deserted. It was raining hard, and the lowering sky
robbed the room of the few bright colours that some roses in a vase and an old
chair covered with tapestry had introduced into it. The house belonged to the
Dowager Lady De La Warr, and I was waiting to meet Mr. Jiddu Krishnamurti, who
was staying there on a short visit.
This was to be my first meeting with Krishnamurti.
The young Indian was supposed to be rather shy, and, in view of all the
sensational reports about him in the newspapers, I did not find this in the least
surprising. I had determined to come to this meeting with an open mind, but I
must confess I found it hard to feel anything but the profoundest skepticism. I
recalled several of the strange tales that I had read in the course of the last
few days. One of them remained in my memory with particular vividness, though it
described an event that had taken place almost twenty years earlier. It was an
account of a conversation at Benares, and its author was at the time private
secretary to Krishnamurti, then aged fifteen. He had written: “The line of
members began to pass up the central passage… with a bow to the Head
[Krishnamurti]… The whole atmosphere… was thrown into a powerful
vibration… All saw the young figure draw itself up and take on air of
dignified majesty… The approaching member involuntarily dropped on his knees,
bowing his head to the ground… A great coronet of brilliant shimmering blue
appeared a foot or two above the young head and from this descended funnel-wise
bright streams of blue light… The Lord Maitreya was there embodying Himself in
His Chosen. Within the coronet blazed the crimson of the symbol of the Master
Jesus, the rosy cross…” I am afraid I did not read much further after the
“rosy cross”; but I was told that the writer of these impressive lines was
not the only one who claimed to have seen this colourful performance.
There
seemed some justification for an attitude of skepticism, and
as I sat waiting I experienced a feeling of superciliousness which we
are all occasionally apt to indulge in when we know a particularly weak spot in
the life of the person we are going to meet. In me this feeling had been
strengthened by the fact that I had read in a newspaper only the night before
that Krishnamurti’s followers had proclaimed him the “World Teacher”. He
himself had uttered these words: “Krishnamurti has entered into that life,
which is represented by some as the Christ, by others as Buddha, by others still
as the Lord Maitreya…” These words had put the conscience of
Krishnamurti’s followers at ease and had induced them to proclaim him once and
for all “The Vehicle of the Lord”. For ordinary people this was, to say the
least, alarming news.
I was thinking of all these strange things while I was
looking on the empty street half hidden by the heavy drizzle. I had plenty of
information about Krishnamurti’s life to counterbalance my skepticism. I knew
that some of the people who stood behind him were seriousminded and intelligent.
I had come across the name Krishnamurti directly only a
few weeks previously at the house of Lady De La Warr at Wimbledon, where I had
met some of his most intimate friends - experienced elderly men and women who
were not at all the sort of people to be bluffed. The center of the group was
Mrs. Annie Besant, then almost eighty years old and a most attractive person,
very bright and untheosophical, full of political and intellectual interests,
which she expressed in a most lively and amusing manner. Next to her was Mr.
George Lansbury, the veteran labour leader. He too was preoccupied with Indian
and other political problems. There was very little to suggest a religious
ecstatic in his slow, deep-voiced pronouncements. Anything more solid, more
natural, could hardly be imagined. Even our hostess mentioned the subject of
theosophy only casually. Then there was a member of Parliament who, I believe,
was an Under Secretary of State; he was evidently a great authority on India.
There was nothing exalted or mystical about the other people in the room. These
were Krishnamurti’s closest friends in England. It was difficult to imagine
these people talking of the “great coronet of brilliant blue” and “the
rosy cross of the Lord Jesus”. Annie Besant herself was obviously a very
shrewd woman. Though I knew little about her or her work at the time, I could
see that there was not much in life that had escaped her.
II
And then Krishnamurti entered the room. He walked
towards me with an inviting smile, and we shook hands. I was immediately struck
by his remarkably handsome face, and after a few minutes’ conversation I was
equally charmed by his attractive personality. These two impressions were very
strong, and I suppose they determined in some ways my future attitude towards
him. I heard later from other people that their first impressions of
Krishnamurti were the same as mine.
My former superciliousness gave way to a feeling of
pleasure. At first I thought that this feeling was due to the aesthetic delight
caused by his appearance.
Indeed, he was much more handsome than his photographs
made him appear. He seemed no older than twenty-two or twenty-three, and he had
the slender grace of a shy young animal. His eyes were large and deep and his
features finely cut. His head was crowned with thick silky black hair. But it
cannot have been the aesthetic impression or the musical quality of the voice
alone that put me at ease so quickly. He was obliging, though reserved; but in
spite of this after half an hour’s conversation he made me believe that I had
known most of my life; and yet there was nothing particularly easy going about
him, though there was a pronounced feeling of balance and proportion in his
manner. And there was an undercurrent of warmth which was responsible for the
atmosphere of spiritual intimacy between us.
These were my first impressions of Mr. Jiddu
Krishnamurti of Adyar, Madras, India; Castle Eerde, Ommen, Holland; Arya Vihara,
Ojai, California and the Amphitheatre, Sydney, Australia.
III
Jiddu Krishnamurti was born in 1897 at Madanapalle in
Southern India. He was the eighth child of a Brahmin family. His father
Narayaniah had a minor post in the civil service, and afterwards became an
official at the headquarters of the Theosophical Society at Adyar, Madras. One
day in 1909, when little Krishnaji was bathing in the river with his younger
brother Nityananda, the Rev. Charles Leadbeater saw them. Mr. Leadbeater was
Mrs. Besant’s closest collaborator and one of the leaders of the Theosophical
Society. He talked to the boys and invited them to his bungalow. And now
something took place which was to affect not only the life of the two Jiddu
brothers but equally that of many thousands of people all over the world. Mr.
Leadbeater discovered that the older boy Krishnamurti was none other than the
“Vehicle of the new World Teacher, the Lord Maitreya” whose last incarnation
had apparently been in the person of Jesus Christ.
Now, this was a most extraordinary discovery for anyone
to make, even for a theosophical leader of some fame. Charles Leadbeater,
however, not only believed in his vision but even convinced Mrs. Besant of the
truth of it; and then began a series of events, almost unparalleled in modern
history. Krishnamurti was to be prepared for his mission, and both he and his
brother Nitya were taken into Charles Leadbeater’s charge - Nitya merely as a
playmate for his more exalted brother.
As there had previously been some gossip about Mr.
Leadbeater, the father Narayaniah demanded the return of his two boys. The
former notoriety of Mr. Leadbeater seemed to have outweighed in the father’s
estimation the future fame of his own son. Mrs. Besant was appointed guardian of
the boys, and excitement upon excitement kept newspaper correspondents busy for
a long time until eventually Charles Leadbeater had to leave India, and the boys
were sent to England. They were to receive an education that would prepare young
Krishnaji for his future activities in the Western world.
The cheap publicity caused by Krishnamurti’s
association with Mr. Leadbeater entirely overshadowed all that had been
favourable to the boy in that association. Krishnamurti himself admitted that
thanks to Mr. Leadbeater he had enjoyed all the privileges of an all-round
education, combining the best of Eastern and Western methods. Such an education
is usually available to only a few Indians. Thanks to Mr. Leadbeater, he had
been rescued from a life of poverty and from the unhealthy conditions in which
he had been reared and brought up and removed to surroundings that were
beneficial to both mind and body. Krishnamurti also admitted that Mr. Leadbeater
was always the most considerate guardian, and that he was never anything but the
teacher anxious for the spiritual and bodily happiness of his pupil. In view of
the slanders that followed Mr. Leadbeater for many years it is important to
state these facts as they really were.
Meanwhile in India a new society, “The Order of the
Star in the East”, had been formed. Its aim was to provide the necessary
platform for the message of Krishnamurti, “to proclaim the coming of a
World-Teacher and to prepare the world for that event.” Most of its members
were theosophists. With Mrs. Besant they believed deeply in the truth of Charles
Leadbeater’s visions and in the part that Krishnamurti was to play in the
future history of mankind. Nevertheless certain small sections of the
Theosophical Society found it impossible to subscribe to the new doctrine, and
felt obliged to leave the movement. The German branch of the Theosophical
Society not only disapproved of the Krishnamurti legend but broke away
altogether under the leadership of Rudolf Steiner.
There is another version of the origin of
Krishnamurti’s “divine mission”. Hardly anyone knows it, and I heard it
for the first time from Ouspensky; yet, since its source is impeccable, I shall
quote it, even though Krishnamurti himself does not seem to know it.
According to this version, Leadbeater’s original
“vision” was pure invention. Together with Mrs. Besant he is supposed to
have believed that a young human being brought up as a “messiah” - educated
in an appropriate manner and supported by a world-wide wave of love and the
implicit faith of masses of people - ought to develop certain Christlike
qualities; and it appears that Leadbeater and Annie Besant believed to the very
end that Krishnamurti was thus developing naturally into the personality of the
“World Teacher”.
The difference between the generally known and the above
version is not quite as large as it appears to be at first - for in the both
cases Leadbeater and Mrs. Besant did not claim that Krishnamurti was the messiah
but that about twenty years’ preparation would be necessary for him to develop
into the “perfect vehicle” for the messiah. In either case they seemed to
have no doubts as to the successful results of their method.
From 1912 to 1922 Krishnamurti and his brother lived in
England, being educated partly at private schools and partly by tutors. They
used to spend their holidays with Lady De La Warr, who became a sort of guardian
to them. Krishnamurti was intended for Cambridge, but, when it appeared that the
university authorities were loath to accept a youth of his unique fame, it was
decided that he should go on studying under private tutors.
He was intelligent and keen, and seemed to absorb
Western learning with much greater zest than and with even better results than
does the ordinary English boy. Though certain influences during his early youth
at Adyar may have been detrimental to him, there is no doubt that the spiritual
training he had to undergo in those years and the feeling of grave
responsibility that had been instilled into him had a good effect. His personal
charm, which had impressed me in the first minutes of our meeting, must have had
the same effect on other people. There are many people who felt rather hostile
to Mrs. Besant, and perhaps not without reason, yet few have doubted the
sincerity of intentions and the power of her intellect. Such a mentor was bound
to leave strong impressions on the mind of a sensitive youth.
After the year 1921 Krishnamurti began to lead a more
independent life. He traveled extensively; he gave up more and more of his time
to writing poetry, and also he wrote articles for the many international
publications of the “Order of the Star”. Those were the days when
Krishnamurti began to make friends with people outside the auspices of the
Theosophical Society and the shadow of his own renown. He laid the foundations
of many valuable friendships with men of letters, artists and musicians, who
were all attracted by the charm of his unusual personality.
Perhaps the closest friendship - and the most
interesting to us - was that with Bourdelle, the French sculptor. After the
death of Rodin, Antoine Bourdelle was considered the leading French sculptor,
and his fame extended far beyond Europe. In the days when the friendship between
the old artist and the Indian youth had matured, L’Intransigeant published a
report of an interview with Bourdelle. Bourdelle had been greatly impressed with
Krishnamurti at their first meeting, and had subsequently modeled a large bust
of him. He always considered it one of his most important works, and I remember
that, in a posthumous exhibition of Bourdelle’s sculpture in London, the bust
of Krishnamurti had the place of honour. “When one hears Krishnamurti speak
one is astounded,” said Bourdelle to the representative of L’Intransigeant;
“so much wisdom in so young a man!” Evidently Krishnamurti was a personality
without the labels that had been attached to him by his ardent followers.
“There is no one in existence”, Bourdelle went on, “who is more
impersonal, whose life is more dedicated to others… In the desert of life
Krishnamurti is an oasis”.
Krishnamurti’s greatest following was in England, but
it was interesting to note the impression he made on the French, who are, as a
race, usually hostile to spiritual manifestations that cannot be defined in
terms of logic. Nowhere have there appeared so many valuable books and articles
about Krishnamurti as in France. Frenchmen of an artistic disposition were the
first to whom his personality appealed, quite apart from his fame or his
supposed mission in the world. The blend of a beautiful appearance and a
sensitive personality was bound to impress people with an artistic and
intellectual fastidiousness of the French. Krishnamurti’s exotic personality
was no doubt an added attraction in the eyes of his French admirers.
Equally typical as his popularity in France was the
suspicion with which he was regarded in Germany. The very fact that
Krishnamurti’s message came in a foreign language limited the extent of its
influence. In the first place it could only appeal to those Germans who
understood English. These were mostly people of a higher education, and they
expected to find some clear philosophical structure in a spiritual message. It
was the class that had been interested in Steiner, in Keyserling, in Stefan
George. For the intellectual appetite of these people there was not enough solid
fare in Krishnamurti’s gospel, and his aesthetic assets were here of little
avail.
In 1925 the Theosophical Society considered that the
moment had come for Krishnamurti to acknowledge his destiny in more formal
fashion, and this official recognition accordingly took place during the
celebration of the jubilee of the Society. Theodore Besterman, a biographer of
Mrs. Besant, describes the central scene of the proceedings: “… In the
shadow of the great banyan tree in the grounds of the Adyar headquarters, Mr.
Krishnamurti was addressing some three thousand assembled delegates… A few of
those present had been warned what to expect, and these communicated their
excitement to those around them. The whole audience was in the sort of state in
which the individual is merged in the mass - a revivalist psychology… The
words of the speaker became more and more urgent. ‘We are all expecting
Him,’ he said; ‘He will be with us soon’. A pause, and then, with a
dramatic change from third person to the first, the voice went on, ‘I come to
those who want sympathy, who want happiness… I come not to destroy but to
build.’… And afterwards Mrs. Besant said that ‘the voice not heard on
earth for two thousand years had once again been heard’.”
It was now decided that Krishnamurti should have
something more than the merely spiritual sphere of influence which was provided
by the “Order of the Star”, and various pieces of land were purchased for
the establishment of enormous camps in different continents. A suitable
territory was bought in the Ojai valley in California, where people from all
over America could gather for yearly meetings at which Krishnamurti would
deliver his message. California was particularly dear to Krishnamurti’s heart,
since it was here that his beloved younger brother Nityananda had died a few
years earlier. For the Australian followers there was erected the Amphitheatre
in Sydney; for the Indian friends a camp in the Rishi Valley. A Dutch nobleman,
Baron Philip van Eerde, an enthusiastic admirer of Krishnamurti, put at his
disposal his Castle Eerde at Ommen in Holland with its old gardens and extensive
grounds. Eerde was to become Krishnamurti’s European headquarters, and here
his European followers were to assemble at a vast camp meeting which was to be
held every summer.
In January 1927 Krishnamurti spoke at a meeting in
California, and concluded his speech by reading one of his recent poems, which
ended with these words:
 |
“I am the Truth,
I am the Law,
I am the Refuge
I am the Guide
The Companion and the Beloved”.
|
The imaginative reporter of the Theosophist added to
this a poetic summing up of the situation: “As the last words were being
uttered there was a sprinkle of light rain that seemed like a benediction and,
spanning the valley, a perfect rainbow arch shone out.” Meanwhile Mrs. Besant
was traveling from country to country, giving lectures to packed halls and
speaking in her masterly way of the new World Teacher.
Many details of this extraordinary “life story”
flashed through my mind when Krishnamurti entered that room. But after half an
hour’s conversation with him I was willing to forget most of the reports I had
heard. The picturesque story of his life seemed to me no longer of much
importance. How right I was I could not foresee at the time.
We parted friends, and I accepted an invitation to come
and stay with Krishnamurti at Eerde. There I should meet his friends from all
over the world; and, besides listening to his public speeches, I should also
have an opportunity of further personal conversation.
IV
I actually went twice to Eerde in the course of
the summer. The first time I could only spend two or three days there, so I
decided to visit Krishnamurti again in a month’s time, when I should be able
to stay at least ten days, and witness the huge gathering of theosophists and
members of Krishnamurti’s movement. There would be many visitors from the
United States, from India and even from Australia.
To a writer of fiction the atmosphere at Eerde would
probably offer the most attractive material. I could imagine all sorts of books
inspired by it - psychological, devotional, religious, romantic, hysterical,
lyrical, satirical. How tempting it would have been for a novelist to describe
the little castle, an elegant building of the late eighteenth century rising up
from a moat and connected with the “mainland” by a delightful semicircular
terrace; the romantic canal spanned by a decorative stone bridge; the long low
pavilions on each side of the castle; the formal circular garden in front of it.
And what opportunities were offered by the ancient park around the castle, its
dignified avenues, its magnificent trees, its fields, its river, its water roses
on the pond!
And then the guests themselves, wandering reverently
along the garden paths, discussing under old trees the deepest problems of life,
and greeting one another with smiles of forgiveness and looks of understanding.
There were fair Scandinavian girls with transparent
complexions, and voices so soft that they seemed incapable of saying anything
but the holiest of things. Some of them helped in the kitchen, others in the
offices, and in the evenings they sat together and held one another’s hands.
Though I have not found out for certain, I imagine that they were
“disciples” who had been driven by faith to leave their comfortable homes in
Oslo or Stockholm and come to the castle for the common good. There were several
Americans in whose mouth the masters, gurus and astral worlds used to lose all
their ethereal qualities and become convincingly matter of fact. There was a
very learned French lady with at least three daughters who looked as though they
preferred the Cote d’Azur to the Dutch scenery, but had to content themselves
with their mother’s knowledge of all sorts of devas, Chinese saints and
Tibetan gomtchengs. There was an Italian countess who was always telling me of
yet another dream she had about Krishnamurti; and there were several elderly
English ladies, quiet, kind, helpful, and wearing a surprising amount of
jewelry, though their jewels, even if less obvious, were in a way like the
taboos and charms of the African Negroes, made of lions’ teeth or human bones,
since although they were mostly of gold and often of precious stones, their
triangular or circular shapes showed clearly that they were worn for their
symbolical significance and not in order to satisfy a craving after beauty.
There were several Indians of indeterminate age but obviously higher education,
who at night would sometimes appear in their attractive native coats, with tight
white trousers and coloured shoes, the envy of their American, Dutch, British
and Scandinavian brethren, many of whom wore homely sandals and looked
altogether less picturesque. Some charming Australians and Anglo-Indians and a
Scottish couple completed the houseparty.
The writer of fiction would have found even better
models and more vivid “local colour” in the large camp, situated in the
woods a couple of miles outside the castle. Such readers as have ever attended a
theosophical or practically any sort of religious convention will know the type,
and I shall refrain from describing it at length. They generally abhor the idea
of meat as violently as that of wine or tobacco; they look deep into your eyes
when they talk to you; they have a weakness for sandals, for clothes without any
particular distinction of shape, for the rougher kind of textiles and such
colours as mauve, bottle-green and purple. The men affect long hair, while the
women keep theirs short. There were several workmen and farmers among them who
had been saving up their money for several years in order to come here. Two
German youths had walked for two or three weeks from a distant part of Germany.
Indeed, the three thousand visitors would have been worthy of a much more gifted
pen than mine.
The organization of the camp lay in the hands of a few
Dutch followers of Krishnamurti, experienced business men, who had succeeded in
turning out this model camp city in the midst of uninhabited forests and fields.
Tourists and journalists from many countries arrived solely to visit the camp,
and organizers of similar gatherings would come from distant countries in order
to learn form the organization at Ommen. There were rows upon rows of tents of
all sizes; there were shower baths, attractive huts with post office, bookshop,
photographer, ambulance and information bureau. In huge dining-tents excellent
vegetarian meals were served; there was a lecture with seats for three thousand
people and there was even an open-air theatre. Everywhere one found helpful
guides and interpreters and a fine spirit of fellowship.
As the Dutch summer was at times trying - with incessant
rain and icy winds - the nerves of the people must have been somewhat strained.
Harmony could be achieved only by self-discipline. Ignorance of the language
was, no doubt, a tiresome handicap for many people. Some of them must have come
merely for the sake of a new experience and for human fellowship, for the Serbs
and Russians, South Americans, Rumanians, Turks and Greeks who hardly knew one
word of English could not understand one word of the lectures. And yet most of
them remained happy till the very last day. This was undoubtedly due, to a very
great extent, to the efficiency of the organization.
As I did not live in the camp, which I visited only for
the lectures and an occasional meal, I knew the routine of life at the castle
much better.
V
Since the castle itself was not large enough to
accommodate the twenty or more personal guests of Krishnamurti, most of us were
put up in a long pavilion flanking the castle. Besides Krishnamurti and his
closest friend Rajagopal, the head of the whole organization, only a few friends
stayed within the castle itself. The dining room, library, reception rooms and
offices were on the ground floor. In the reception rooms were several attractive
pieces of Dutch furniture, and the main room, called the state room, contained,
besides some fine panelling, four handsome Flemish tapestries specially made for
the castle. An ingeniously constructed wooden Louis XIV staircase led from the
entrance hall to the first floor and to the bedrooms.
The former owner of the castle, Baron von Pallandt, was
a quiet middle-aged gentleman, who had kept for himself only one or two of the
castle rooms. He went on administering the big estate, and all the secretarial,
clerical and household work, besides that of organizing the movement itself, was
done voluntarily.
I stayed in one of the two pavilions, where all the
rooms were alike - simple, attractive and comfortable. Every visitor had to look
after his own room and make his own bed. When, however, after a day or two some
kind spirit had discovered that my talent for manual domestic work was more
original than effective, my services in this direction were no longer expected,
and for the remainder of my stay there, whenever I returned to my room after
breakfast, I found that my bed had already been made with enviable skill.
In the morning we assembled in the big state room. We
took off our shoes - more experienced guests than myself would appear in bedroom
slippers - and sat down on the floor to meditate. Perhaps it was my native
cynicism that prevented my enjoying the morning meditation as much as I ought to
have done. It always put me in the wrong frame of mind.
There were several problems connected with the morning
meditations about which I wished to be enlightened. Of course I might have asked
any of the other twelve or fifteen fellow guests attending this service, but I
could never summon the courage to do this, for fear lest they might find out how
ignorant I really was. I wanted to ask them whether they considered it necessary
to meditate in a crowd. I sincerely believed in meditation, but I always found
it much more successful in solitude or with a single companion. Just when I was
getting into the right frame of mind, one of the meditators must needs sneeze or
cough, and thereupon all my limited powers of concentration would be dissipated.
And I should have liked also to ask whether it was
essential to sit on the floor without having been instructed previously how to
do it. Most of us had been brought up in the Western world, and were not used to
Eastern attitudes. I found that my attention had to be directed towards my
aching spine and ankles, and a good deal of the energy that was wanted for a
better purpose was thus wasted. Eastern postures for meditation are taught
solely by the yoga of body control, and can be learnt successfully only in the
far East. Of the eighty-four different postures for the various meditations,
only the first few have ever been achieved by any European. Even the elementary
“lotus posture” which is indispensable to meditation done in the pose
adopted by my fellow meditators, can only be comfortably assumed after many
patient and painful exercises. How, then, could I expect all these people, most
of whom had never been to the East, or undergone the essential training, to have
the necessary command over their bodies? I could see for myself that hardly one
of them was sitting in the correct attitude - that of intertwined ankles and
straight spine. Possibly the worst indication of my own immaturity was to be
found in the fact that sight of all these people sitting there in stocking feet
always evoked in me a schoolboy propensity for practical joking.
Had it not been for my shortcomings, the morning
mediations would undoubtedly have provided me with a source of inspiration.
Someone read aloud a few words - I believe it was always one of Krishnamurti’s
sayings - and after that we were meant to meditate upon it. The tightly shut
eyes of the other guests made me feel very envious of the wonderful ten minutes
they were spending on some blissful plane.
From the state room we moved into the dining room for
breakfast, which was always an enjoyable meal, with excellent honey and
delectable nut pastes. Lunch, too, was a very attractive meal, not only by
virtue of the quality of the vegetarian dishes but equally because hunger, and
the pleasure of satisfying it, induced many of the guests to cast off their
reserve and to show a greater individuality of character than conversation at
other times had led one to expect.
As a rule everyone attended to his own wants, but I was
often permitted to wait on Annie Besant, and I several times had the privilege
of sitting next to her at meals, and each time it was a joy to be near this
exceptional woman. There was a childlike quality about her - not the
childishness of old age, but rather the essential simplicity and happy
disposition of childhood itself. You felt that she knew so much more than
anybody else present; but her greater wisdom and experience never interfered
with her manner of treating even the youngest members of the party as her
equals.
The saintliness that hung over Eerde, like a pink cloud
in a play, made me somewhat skeptical; and yet the first meeting between Annie
Besant and Krishnamurti on her arrival at the castle had greatly impressed me.
Krishnamurti had been waiting for the car that was
bringing his guest, in the circular garden in front of the castle. He was by
himself, and we, his other guests, kept in the background. One could see that he
was nervous. When the car arrived, Krishnamurti walked up to it to open the
door. Annie Besant appeared, dressed in white Indian robes with white shoes, and
a white shawl over her snow-white hair. Krishnamurti bowed his head and kissed
the old lady’s hand. She in her turn put both her hands on his black hair and
whispered a few words to him. In her face there was the expression of the
deepest tenderness, and I could see that she was crying. It was obvious that
their welcome was an expression of their personal affection for each other and
had nothing to do with their theosophical relationship. Krishnamurti took Annie
Besant’s arm and led her slowly towards the castle. We were introduced to her
and shook hands. Her eyes were still moist and the loving smile was still
lingering on her lips.
Krishnamurti hardly ever came down to breakfast.
Generally he remained in his bedroom. It was a very simple bedroom, and must
have been the smallest in the castle. Each morning after breakfast some of his
most intimate fellow workers used to walk up the staircase and disappear into a
room which connected with Krishnamurti’s bedroom. My curiosity was pricked by
these morning processions. I imagined mysterious happenings behind the doors:
special initiations or mental exercises of a higher order, reserved only for the
“inner circle”. I never found out what went on behind the doors - probably
household bills and questions of daily routine were discussed.
In the mornings and on most afternoons there were
lectures in the big tent in the woods. Krishnamurti spoke almost every day; and
then there followed speeches by Annie Besant, Mr. Jinarajadasa, the
vice-president of the Theosophical Society, a Frnechman Prof. Marcault, a Dutch
scholar Dr. van der Leeuw, and one or two other followers of Krishnamurti. The
main tenor of Krishnamurti’s talks was that the kingdom of happiness lies
within ourselves, and the other lecturers spoke on very much the same lines.
Krishnamurti’s principal talks were of an autobiographical kind, and he tried
to explain in them how he himself had found truth by giving up all conventional
conceptions of one life after another.
There were several meetings at the castle in the
afternoon, and often at these there were visitors, both legitimate and also of a
less legitimate but more intrusive kind. Many people from the camp would come to
see the home in which their prophet lived. They were taken inside the castle and
along the quiet garden paths, and they often hardly dared utter a word. There
were also sightseers and tourists, who had heard of the new messiah from India
and who would peep through the gates as though expecting strange miracles to
occur at any moment. They looked at Krishnamurti’s guests, apparently
convinced that we were the disciples of a magician or of a yogi. Each time I
left the castle or came back, I noticed the inquisitive glances of the occupants
of some motor car, and I would hear their interested chatter. This embarrassed
me and made wish that I had the power to produce white rabbits from my coat
pocket or flames from my mouth, since I always felt as though the people in the
cars were not being treated with that consideration to which they believed
themselves entitled.
In the hall of the castle there was a very large and
very new gramophone, given to Krishnamurti by one of his admirers and placed
here for the enjoyment of the guests. I knew that Krishnamurti was a great lover
of music, and I caught him one evening sitting by himself in the corner of a
little study off the main hall. It was after dinner and the room was quite dark.
I can still remember the record: it was the slow movement of the G Minor
Quartette by Debussy - that almost unreal piece of strangely coloured cascades
and sudden melancholy halts. Whenever I hear that movement I see the night over
the castle and Krishnamurti sitting by himself in the little room and listening
joyfully to the violins.
Several members of our houseparty were fond of music,
and would spend the evening listening to the gramophone. The prevailing taste
seemed to be Parsifal, Gotterdammerung and Siegfried. The listeners would sit in
just those attitudes in which you would expect to find them, when reveling in
the superior boredom of Kundry’s endless laments or Siegfried’s narratives.
Their eyes were closed, their souls no doubt very wide open, in their faces a
mixture of happiness and reverence, and you could see all the silver and mauve
ethereal pictures that the music painted for them. Perhaps I was too frivolous
for them, and at times I would become genuinely alarmed by my cynicism, and
would decide never again to make critical comments even to myself. And yet there
was one thing which gave real cause for irritation.
VI
My inability to find the true meaning of
Krishnamurti’s teaching led to the anxiety that my visit must be an utter
failure. Krishnamurti’s lectures were too vague to give me clear answers to
many of my questions.
I had been hoping to find those answers among the people
who stayed at the castle and who must have known exactly what was to be
understood. They were only too willing to help me; but it seemed that they had
all sacrificed their personalities in order to become members of the Order of
the Star in the East. I talked to many of them in the course of the day, but
they left too little impression to enable me distinguish them in my mind later
on. They all met me halfway; and they would talk of reincarnation and karma with
an understanding smile on their lips and as though they were speaking of the
next train from Ommen to the Hook of Holland. They did their very best to copy
Krishnamurti, to be kind and sincere or to make jokes and show how jolly they
were. But I was not among doctors, farmers, schoolmasters, politicians,
housewives; I was just among theosophists and members of the Order of the Star.
I had expected that their new spiritual experience would have made them more
enlightened about their former problems; that they would talk with greater
understanding about the world at large. They were political and economic
congresses, religious disputes, naval conferences going on all over the world;
new movements in art, in literature, music, the theatre, the cinema were being
experimented with; the world talked of unemployment and reparations; there were
thousands of things that had to be discussed, improved upon - but none of them
seemed to have penetrated the woods of Eerde.
One day I was told that the moment had arrived when
Krishnamurti’s message would be heard by the outside world which had hitherto
known it only through distorted newspaper reports. A new organ was to be
founded. My opinion was sought, since I had some experience and enjoyed press
connections that might be helpful. The publications of the Order of the Star -
periodicals, pamphlets and news-sheets - were run by amateurs. I knew that the
outside world could only be reached if one were to use a language intelligible
to it. Devotional poetry, accounts of personal visions were not likely to
convince men and women used to a matter-of-fact world. Those lawyers, business
men, theologians and scientists of the outside world would only grasp
Krishnamurti’s ideas if they could be presented in a clear and sober way.
People must see that they were dealing not with dreamers but with men who knew
the world and her needs better than others did, and who therefore might be able
to solve some of the most pressing problems.
The few people with whom the plans were discussed
listened patiently to my suggestions; they nodded obligingly, and assured me
that this was the right way to proceed. In actual practice not one of these
suggestions was adopted, and the events of the following months showed that a
metaphorical and semi-theosophical jargon was still being employed for
enlightening the world at large about the “World Teacher”.
VII
I am sure that none but myself was to blame for my
intellectual disappointment. The general atmosphere of adoration had put me into
a state of expectancy which simply could not be satisfied anyhow or by anyone.
My intellectual upbringing had made me expect a clearer message than
Krishnamurti was willing or able to offer. I had not yet found in his friends
and followers that inner readjustment to life that would have allowed me to
accept the new message in the form in which it was offered.
I had gathered enough to see that Krishnamurti’s
teaching was not Eastern - that it repudiated passivity. Everyone should find
truth for himself; should listen to no one but himself; should consider
unification with happiness as the final goal. But when I asked how this could be
achieved I received no clear answers. It is not enough to see the summit of Mont
Blanc. If we want to reach the top, we must be informed as to the most
advantageous season, the best route, and such details of equipment as the most
suitable boots to wear. Most of Krishnamurti’s answers would be dissipated in
similes and metaphors. You asked him about your personal troubles, your
religious beliefs, your intellectual doubts, and he would talk to you about
mountain peaks and streams running through fields. When asked about his own road
and the road along which one might find happiness, he would answer: “The
direct path, which I have trodden, you will tread when you leave on one side the
paths that lead to complications. That path alone gives you the understanding of
life… If you are walking along the straight path, you need no signposts.”
But where, exactly the direct path lay, or how we were to find it, he did not
disclose. The very same day Krishnamurti might renounce all paths and say that
no one path was better than any other.
I had several talks with him, and each time I eagerly
looked forward to our meeting. We would talk as we walked through the woods and
across the fields of Eerde. One afternoon we suddenly found ourselves in front
of a charming little house, flat roofed and rather modern, surrounded by high
trees but with a view on one side across the fields. It was Krishnamurti’s
retreat, a self-contained little home, where he could get away from people,
meditate and rest in solitude. He must have been very sensitive to solitude. He
was not very strong physically, and though he went in for all sorts of games and
was a great lover of lawn tennis, he remained rather delicate. The camp with its
thousands of people, with its daily lectures, interviews and visitors, must have
been a heavy strain on his health.
I found no further intellectual satisfaction either in
Krishnamurti’s lectures or in his books, and I wondered whether this was not
due to his Eastern origin. On the other hand, I had experienced no similar
difficulties when reading the writings of Eastern sages. Even if one did not
grasp their full meaning, there still remained enough to provide intellectual
contentment. Among the books by Krishnamurti that I tried to read were Temple
Talks, The Kingdom of Happiness and The Pool of Wisdom. There was also a few
volumes of poetry. I admired their oriental beauty and their deep ring of
sincerity, but I was baffled by their vagueness. It is certainly unfair to judge
lyrical poetry by the same rules as those by which we attempt to judge
scientific books. On the other hand Krishnamurti’s poetry was supposed to
contain not only the lyrical confession of a sensitive youth with the gift for
poetry but also the account of a deep spiritual experience. When I read:
|
“As the flower contains the scent,
So I hold Thee,
O world
In my heart.
Keep me within the heart,
For I am liberation
And happiness.
As the precious stone,
Lies deep in the earth,
So I am hidden
Deep in thy heart…”
|
I enjoyed the beauty of the poem and I felt the truth in
it. But this poem, called “I am with thee” and written in 1927, was
considered by Krishnamurti’s followers and even his biographer Lilly Heber as
of great importance. I seemed to remember having seen poems of that kind in
various anthologies containing Eastern poetry. At times you would even find such
poems in those slender volumes published by young men who had come down from
Oxford and Cambridge and had been greeted by some of the London critics with
prophecies of a splendid literary future.
But we were not dealing with a talented young man whose
earlier poems had been accepted by the Editor of the Oxford Outlook. We were
dealing with a teacher who did not repudiate this title; who allowed thousands
to come and listen to him and to expect guiding principles from him, and who
must have been conscious of the immense responsibility that all this implied. I
felt that I had a right not only to expect answers but even to expect them in a
language that was common to people of the Western world. I even felt entitled to
expect perfection in everything he said or did. The unity between the content
and the form was of great importance in a person like Krishnamurti. When I read:
|
“Thou must cleanse thyself
Of the conceit of little knowledge;
Thou must purify thyself
Of thy heart and mind;
Thou must renounce all
Thy companions,
Thy friends, thy family,
Thy father, thy mother,
Thy sister and thy brother;
Yea,
Thou must renounce all;
Thou must destroy
Thy self utterly
To find the beloved,”
|
I could see a glimpse of Krishnamurti’s philosophy,
but I felt that the same truth might be expressed less pretentiously: “Thou
must purify thyself of thy heart and mind. Thou must renounce all thy
companions, thy friends, thy family, thy father, thy mother, thy sister and thy
brother…” If we write these lines without the lineal demarcation of poetry
we acknowledge at once the fine statement contained in them, but we do not
maintain that they are poetry. And yet I wanted Krishnamurti to write poetry
that would convince people, and such as I might show to my skeptical friends.
When after a certain time I was able to perceive the
main idea of Krishnamurti’s teaching I understood hat it was complete
liberation, which means complete happiness. It is achieved by love and it rests
within our own inherent power. Krishnamurti defined it in later years when he
said: “The goal of human feeling is love which is complete in itself, utterly
detached, knowing neither subject nor object, a love which gives equally to all
without demanding anything whatever in return, a love which is its own
eternity”.
As far as I understand, this is the teaching of Christ,
the teaching of Buddha. We all heard these words when we given our first
religious instruction. I asked myself, therefore: If Krishnamurti’s teaching
is just a repetition of the teaching of Christ, or of Buddha, then why all this
theosophical background; why the Star in the East, that huge organization; why
the talk of a new path; why the followers, camps and labels? Would it not have
been easier to remain in our old-established Churches which give us clearer
words for all these messages? Is it all humbug?
I was very fond of Krishnamurti, otherwise I should have
left Eerde after the first few days. But I wanted Krishnamurti to be able to
help me in my own way, and to help the other three thousand people in their own
way. I wanted to be able to convince the cynic within myself that Krishnamurti
was right and capable of helping, and that he had fulfilled my highest
expectations. Instead, I felt uncomfortable when the Saul within myself would
say to the Paul after every talk I had with Krishnamurti: “Wasn’t I right?
Did you grasp more today than yesterday? Didn’t I tell you it would be a waste
of time? Why don’t you talk instead to the rivers and the trees? Their
language will be more intelligible.”
And yet there were people, with less intellectual
resistance, who perceived Krishnamurti’s message quite clearly. Looking back
on those days I am particularly struck by the impression Krishnamurti made on a
man brought up in the rough school of English working-class life, a man matured
in political battles. I mean George Lansbury. This is what the old labour leader
wrote after one of their meetings at Ommen: “I have seen the glorious march of
the Socialists in Paris, in Brussels, in Stockholm and in our own country, and I
have seen them sitting and standing around our platform. But I think that those
gatherings round the camp fire… are somehow the most wonderful of all… When
we Socialists come together, we come pledging ourselves to fight in order to
raise the material conditions of ourselves and our fellows. Round this camp fire
we were listening to one who is teaching us the hardest of all truths… that if
mankind is to be redeemed it must be redeemed through the individual action of
each of us… There must be great hope for the future… whilst there are living
in our midst those who are inspired by a great ideal - to work and toil for
impersonal causes.”
I hoped that Mr. Lansbury was right, and that some of
the characteristics that I seemed to have found among some of Krishnamurti’s
followers were only evident when they were all together. They may have talked
and behaved in quite a different manner when left to themselves in their normal
surroundings. Perhaps all these people were really leaders in their various
professions, efficient and capable of reforming their individual worlds in a
direction that had disclosed itself to them during their visit to Eerde. Perhaps
it was only due to blindness on my own part that even when I saw them later in
London at one or two gatherings and in several offices, I again had the
impression they had given me at Ommen.
Though my intellect remained critical, I felt that I was
indeed becoming happier every day through my contact with Krishnamurti, and that
only intellectual barriers within myself prevented me from accepting him as
wholeheartedly as I longed to do. But even this reaction irritated me. I knew
that the three thousand people who had come here were as anxious to catch his
smile and were almost in a fever every time Krishnaji, as they called him
affectionately, addressed or approached them. I had imagined myself more
critical than they.
VIII
Only the evenings round the camp fire were really
impressive. After dinner we would drive out in cars belonging to members of our
houseparty to the camp fire in the woods. A large amphitheatre had been built
there, with innumerable circular rows of seats; in their midst was
Krishnamurti’s own seat. This was made of large tree trunks and suggested some
huge Nibelungen throne. Each time I saw this seat I imagined that Wotan and
Hunding and the many substantial valkyries must have sat in such chairs when
attending a family party in Valhalla. Krishnamurti, slender, dark, rather shy,
looked strange and lost on his Wagnerian throne.
Most of the people who had come to the camp at Ommen
looked upon the evening gatherings, quite rightly, as the climax of the day.
Krishnamurti, stepping into the center of the amphitheatre where a huge heap of
wood for a beacon had been prepared, would kindle it and stand in front of it
for a few minutes watching the fire grow higher and higher. The he would walk
back slowly to his seat. Smoke would begin to rise to the sky and the flames
would suffuse thousands of eager faces with a red glow. Many members of the
audience were sitting with their hands resting quietly in their laps and their
eyes shut, and you could see how deeply they enjoyed the moment. In the evenings
there was a festive feeling, there was an atmosphere of human fellowship and
spiritual satisfaction. It was a real holiday to the three thousand people. On
one or two occasions the light of the flames and the last pink of a sun that had
disappeared more than an hour ago would merge into each other and would produce
striking colour effects in which, I daresay, some of the people present
discovered symbolical meaning.
I have never heard Krishnamurti speak so well as he did
in the evenings round the camp fire. On the whole he was not a very effective
speaker; he often repeated himself; he often halted; and many of his sentences
were too long. His hold over the masses was not due to any forensic talents. In
the evening time his words seemed to come more easily to him, and his voice
would carry melodiously across the silent crowd, the pictures evoked by his
words becoming more clearly visible and the whole atmosphere more convincing.
Now and then he would begin to chant an Indian chant at
the end of the evening, and on such occasions he was even more impressive than
during his speech. Though he spoke English with mastery, you could not help
feeling that English was not his language. It was, I remember thinking at the
time, the melodious quality of his voice that may have given that impression. At
the evenings round the camp fire the contrast between his entire personality and
the English language would become more striking. In the evenings he wore Indian
clothes, a simple brown coat reaching below the knees and buttoned up to the
neck, tight white trousers and white shoes, and his appearance would only
emphasize the emotion produced by his voice. During the Indian chants the
precise meaning of his words seemed to matter little, and there was no longer a
gulf between the man and his words. In the unintelligible language there was the
magic sound that words assume in a strange tongue.
After his chants Krishnamurti would sit silently for a
few minutes, with an expression of great serenity on his face. He would then
leave his seat and walk away to the car that took him back to the castle.
IX
One or two experiences may help to show
what a real influence Krishnamurti had on my life. It may be considered a mere
coincidence that when I met Krishnamurti for the first time, on that rainy
Sunday morning in Westminster, I gave up smoking. I had smoked since I was
seventeen, usually thirty cigarettes a day, and I had become something of a
slave to the habit. Nevertheless I had never tried giving up smoking, because I
had never seen any convincing reason for so doing. Even today I cannot explain
clearly why I should have given it up the day I met Krishnamurti. We did not
discuss this subject; I did not know that he himself did not smoke. And yet to
give up smoking at once seemed the most natural thing. Though I carried a
cigarette case in my pocket for many days I never felt tempted to light another
cigarette. Nor have I smoked since.
The other incident is more difficult to describe. I had
been trying for a long time to meditate in the evenings on a particular subject.
I used to do it in bed before going to sleep. For months on end I would reach a
certain point in my meditation after which it would break up. Either my
attention would falter or else I fell asleep before getting beyond the
particular point. A few days after I had met Krishnamurti I succeeded for the
first time. I experienced the feeling of sinking into a deep well. Though the
well seemed bottomless I had simultaneously the two opposed sensations of going
on sinking and yet of having reached the bottom. This was accompanied by a very
vivid impression of light. The strongest impression, however, was of receiving
at once an emotional shock and a mathematical revelation. It is difficult to
describe this last sensation; no metaphor or comparison represents it correctly.
Though I do not claim any mystical significance for my experience, I can best
translate it into words by quoting an abler pen than my own. When Dean Inge once
described mystical experiences he said: “What can be described and handed on
is not the vision itself but the inadequate symbols in which the seer tries to
preserve it in his memory… But such experiences, which rather possess a man
than are possessed by him, are in their nature as transient as the glories of a
sunset… Language, which was not made for such purposes, fails lamentably to
reproduce even their pale reflection.” What, however, can be said is the fact
that the culminating point of my experience made me unspeakably happy. It was
such an acute happiness that it was almost like a feeling of of physical delight
or physical pain. The division between delight and pain seemed lifted. How long
the moment lasted I could not tell; but I imagine it to have been no more than
the fraction of a second. When it was all over, I was awake and fully conscious,
and I recorded my experience to myself with a feeling of deep gratitude.
The above experiences showed me that Krishnamurti’s
effect upon me was vital enough to act even against my intellectual resistance.
X
In the summer of 1929 I found in a newspaper a report
which described at some length how Krishnamurti had suddenly dissolved the Order
of the Star, broken deliberately all connection with the Theosophical Society
and their teaching about himself, and renounced all claims that had been made in
his name. He had, then, at last summoned the courage to sever all the ties that
had held back his won spiritual convictions through so many years, and that had
forced him to act in the shadow of what looked like spiritual usurpation.
The recent rupture had taken place on 3 August 1929 at
the yearly summer camp at Ommen. Krishnamurti decided to renounce all authority
that thousands of people had been using as comfortable crutches for their own
spiritual incapacity. This is how Mr. Theodore Besterman described the critical
meeting in his biography of Mrs. Besant: “One morning Mr. Krishnamurti rose to
deliver his address to the assembled campers. It could be seen at once that he
was now speaking for himself and not merely as a mouthpiece; and his words
confirmed the impression in no dubious manner… He announced the dissolution of
the Order of the Star and at one blow laid low the whole elaborate structure so
painfully and painstakingly built up by Mrs. Besant during the past eighteen
years. ‘I maintain’, Krishnamurti said, ‘that Truth is a pathless land,
and you cannot approach it by any path whatsoever, by any religion, by any sect.
This is my point of view and I adhere to that absolutely and unconditionally…
A belief is purely an individual matter, and you cannot and must not organize
it.’ He declared that he did not want followers… he made it unmistakably
clear that his words were directed against those who had built up the elaborate
structure for him during those eighteen years. Krishnamurti added: ‘You have
been preparing for this event, for the coming of the World Teacher. For eighteen
years you have organized, you have looked for someone who would give a new
delight to your hearts… who would set you free… In what manner has such a
belief swept away all the unessential things in life? In what way are you freer,
greater?…’ Mr. Krishnamurti continued: ‘You can form other organizations
and expect someone else. With that I am not concerned, nor with creating new
cages… My only concern is to set men absolutely, unconditionally free’.
After this Mr. Krishnamurti gave up all the possessions heaped upon him, and
gradually severed his connection with all organizations.”
It was not difficult to perceive what enormous courage
it needed to make such a far-reaching decision. To understand its magnitude one
has to remember what Krishnamurti was renouncing. There existed an organization
with many thousands of members; there were platforms from which to speak on the
four most important corners of the globe; there was an independent commercial
organization with its magazines, its books and various publications in a dozen
different languages; there were helpers among all classes of society, willing to
make practically any mental or material sacrifice; there was, in short, a
working machine for the transmission of a spiritual message, as powerful as any
institution had been. To understand what it must have meant to give it all up,
one has to visualize the money, the worry, the energy, the time needed for the
establishment of an organization for the disseminating of non-commercial ideals,
no matter whether of a religious, social, political, intellectual or any other
kind. To throw it overboard as though it meant nothing required personal
courage, moral purity and spiritual conviction.
I was glad that I doubted neither Krishnamurti’s
sincerity nor his intrinsic spiritual value. The events of August 1929
strengthened the impression I had received when the young Indian entered the
dark paneled room in Westminster. Had I not suddenly seen that it mattered
little what his life had been up till then? And had I not felt that his
personality had nothing in common with the striking headlines in the newspapers?
All Rights
Reserved
Copyright ©1980
Krishnamurti Foundation Trust Ltd.
|
 |